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| Standard Definition |
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Cervical dysplasia refers to abnormal cell changes in the cervix, as detected by Pap smear. Also called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), it is the degree of cell changes is classified as low grade (CINI) to high grade (CINIII). These characteristic cellular changes are associated with the development of cervical carcinoma and are used as part of preventative screening and monitoring. Whilst the majority of dysplasia spontaneously resolve, some can continue to progress, therefore it is important that abnormal pap smears be followed up. |
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| Underlying Disruption in Function |
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| Possible Causes, Triggers & Exacerbating Factors |
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- Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection
- Smoking
- Early age of first intercourse
- Multiple sexual partners or a partner with many sexual partners
- Genital warts and a history of other sexually transmitted diseases
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other causes of immunosuppression
- Long-term (5 years or more) oral contraceptive (OCP) use
- Daughters of mothers who took Diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy
- Low folate, Vitamin A, beta-carotene, selenium, vitamin E, and vitamin C levels
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| Common Signs & Symptoms |
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- Frequently no signs and symptoms
- Genital warts
- Abnormal bleeding or spotting after sex
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| Possible Additional Integrative Medicine Diagnostic Tests |
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This is additional information that does not replace nor negate conventional diagnosis. Other tests may be useful depending on the individual circumstance.
- Vitamin and Mineral assessment
- Hormone tests
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